A promising novel biomarker for embryogenesis and carcinogenesis: S100P protein

Over the past decade, many great improvements have been achieved in cancer detection. Although there are many cancer biomarkers in use, unfortunately most of these biomarkers cannot yet be used efficiently for clinical purposes. Novel and reliable biomarkers are still required for the early detection and prognosis prediction of cancer. In many aspects, S100 calcium-binding protein P (S100P), a protein that is encoded by the S100P gene, is an interesting and promising marker that can enable the detection of many aggressive cancers in the early stages. S100P overexpression seems to be related to cancer aggression because of its capability to promote cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Once we understand the molecular mechanisms better, S100P may be used as a specific biomarker and even a potential drug target for various cancers. The S100P protein is discussed in this review in relation to its functions and possible usage in the clinical area, mainly focusing on potential use in cancer research.